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印度世界遺產列表

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根據聯合國教科文組織1972年制訂的《保護世界文化和自然遺產公約》,世界遺產是指對全人類有重要文化自然價值的遺產項目[1]。常見文化遺產包括古蹟(如建築、雕塑、題字)、建築群、遺址(如考古遺址);自然遺產通常是具備特殊物質和生物價值的自然地貌、地質和自然地理結構(如瀕危動植物棲息地),或在科學、保育、自然美角度極具價值[2][3]印度於1977年11月14日接受公約,該國遺產自此有資格列入《世界遺產名錄》[4]

印度目前擁有44處世界遺產,另有69處列入預備名單。首批列入的項目於1983年入選,最近入選的則是印度馬拉塔軍事景觀,於2025年入選。在印度的世界遺產中,有36處文化遺產、7處自然遺產及1處複合遺產[4]。歷史上,印度曾有2處遺產被列入《瀕危世界遺產名錄》:馬納斯野生動物保護區因偷獵和博多族武裝活動於1992年至2011年被列[5]亨比遺跡群落則因周邊交通壓力與新建工程於1999年至2006年被列[6]。印度還有1處跨國遺產——勒·柯布西耶的建築作品,與其他6國共享[7]

印度曾四次擔任世界遺產委員會成員,任期分別為1985年—1991年、2001年—2007年、2011年—2015年、2021年—2025年[4]。印度曾舉辦過一次世界遺產委員會會議,於2024年在新德里舉行[8]

分佈圖

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世界遺產

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聯合國教科文組織根據十項標準收錄世界遺產,入選項目必須符合至少一項標準,其中第一(i)至六(vi)項為文化遺產,第七(vii)至十(x)項為自然遺產,同時符合文化和自然遺產標準的则称为複合遺產,順序按入選年份排列[9]代表文化遺產,代表自然遺產,代表複合遺產。

  *跨國遺產

預備名單

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除了已入選項目外,接受《保護世界文化和自然遺產公約》的成員國還可以把遺產項目列入預備名單,任何遺產在提名《世界遺產名錄》前都必須入選預備名單[54]。截至2026年,印度的預備名單共有69個項目[4]代表文化遺產,代表自然遺產,代表複合遺產。

參見

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參考來源

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  1. ^ The World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-01-20). 
  2. ^ 保护世界文化和自然遗产公约 (PDF). 聯合國教育、科學及文化組織. [2025-07-22]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-23). 
  3. ^ Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-01-20). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2026-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-12). 
  5. ^ Successful preservation of India's Manas Wildlife Sanctuary enables withdrawal from the List of World Heritage in Dange. UNESCO. [2026-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-28). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Cologne Cathedral (Germany), Djoudj Bird Sanctuary (Senegal), Ichkeul National Park (Tunisia), and Hampi (India) removed from List of World Heritage in Danger. UNESCO. 2006-07-10 [2026-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-05). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2026-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-24). 
  8. ^ Sessions since 1976. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-07-25]. (原始内容存档于2024-08-12). 
  9. ^ The Criteria for Selection. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2023-01-20). 
  10. ^ Ajanta Caves. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-18). 
  11. ^ Ellora Caves. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-09). 
  12. ^ Agra Fort. ICOMOS. [2022-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-17). 
  13. ^ Agra Fort. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-17). 
  14. ^ Taj Mahal. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-15). 
  15. ^ Sun Temple, Konark. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-03). 
  16. ^ Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-02). 
  17. ^ Kaziranga National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-03). 
  18. ^ Manas Wildlife Sanctuary. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2006-02-13). 
  19. ^ Keoladeo National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2010-10-30). 
  20. ^ Churches and Convents of Goa. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-03). 
  21. ^ Khajuraho Group of Monuments. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-16). 
  22. ^ Group of Monuments at Hampi. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2005-11-19). 
  23. ^ Fatehpur Sikri. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-14). 
  24. ^ Group of Monuments at Pattadakal. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-26). 
  25. ^ Elephanta Caves. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-14). 
  26. ^ Great Living Chola Temples. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-05). 
  27. ^ Sundarbans National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-06). 
  28. ^ Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-29). 
  29. ^ Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-03). 
  30. ^ Humayun's Tomb, Delhi. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-27). 
  31. ^ Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-27). 
  32. ^ Mountain Railways of India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2006-05-03). 
  33. ^ Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-05). 
  34. ^ Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2007-03-08). 
  35. ^ Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-27). 
  36. ^ Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-04). 
  37. ^ Red Fort Complex. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-03). 
  38. ^ The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2010-10-05). 
  39. ^ Western Ghats. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-04). 
  40. ^ Hill Forts of Rajasthan. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-25). 
  41. ^ Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  42. ^ Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-04). 
  43. ^ Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-27). 
  44. ^ Khangchendzonga National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-11). 
  45. ^ Historic City of Ahmadabad. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-04). 
  46. ^ Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-07). 
  47. ^ Jaipur City, Rajasthan. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-10). 
  48. ^ Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-25). 
  49. ^ Dholavira: a Harappan City. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-17). 
  50. ^ Santiniketan. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-20). 
  51. ^ Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-13). 
  52. ^ Moidams – the Mound-Burial system of the Ahom Dynasty. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-27). 
  53. ^ Maratha Military Landscapes of India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-21). 
  54. ^ Tentative Lists. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-08-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-01). 
  55. ^ Temples at Bishnupur, West Bengal. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  56. ^ Mattancherry Palace, Ernakulam, Kerala. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-17). 
  57. ^ Group of Monuments at Mandu, Madhya Pradesh. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  58. ^ Ancient Buddhist Site, Sarnath, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-26). 
  59. ^ Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  60. ^ River Island of Majuli in midstream of Brahmaputra River in Assam. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  61. ^ Namdapha National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-18). 
  62. ^ Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  63. ^ Neora Valley National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-17). 
  64. ^ Desert National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  65. ^ Silk Road sites in India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-01). 
  66. ^ The Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-01). 
  67. ^ Mughal Gardens in Kashmir. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  68. ^ Delhi - A Heritage City. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-24). 
  69. ^ Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-28). 
  70. ^ Cellular Jail, Andaman Islands. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-17). 
  71. ^ Iconic Saree Weaving Clusters of India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-10). 
  72. ^ Apatani Cultural Landscape. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-10). 
  73. ^ Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  74. ^ Monuments of Srirangapatna Island Town. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  75. ^ Chilika Lake. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-24). 
  76. ^ Padmanabhapuram Palace. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-17). 
  77. ^ Sites of Satyagrah, India's non-violent freedom movement. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  78. ^ Thembang Fortified Village. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  79. ^ Narcondam Island. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  80. ^ Ekamra Kshetra – The Temple City, Bhubaneswar. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-01). 
  81. ^ The Neolithic Settlement of Burzahom. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  82. ^ Archaeological remains of a Harappa Port-Town, Lothal. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  83. ^ Mountain Railways of India (Extension). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  84. ^ Chettinad, Village Clusters of the Tamil Merchants. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-18). 
  85. ^ Bahá'í House of Worship at New Delhi. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-26). 
  86. ^ Evolution of Temple Architecture – Aihole-Badami-Pattadakal. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  87. ^ Cold Desert Cultural Landscape of India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-27). 
  88. ^ Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-17). 
  89. ^ Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-15). 
  90. ^ Garo Hills Conservation Area (GHCA). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-12). 
  91. ^ The historic ensemble of Orchha. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-06). 
  92. ^ Iconic Riverfront of the Historic City of Varanasi. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-25). 
  93. ^ Temples of Kanchipuram. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-08). 
  94. ^ Hire Benakal, Megalithic Site. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-26). 
  95. ^ Bhedaghat-Lametaghat in Narmada Valley. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-31). 
  96. ^ Satpura Tiger Reserve. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-07). 
  97. ^ Geoglyphs of Konkan Region of India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16). 
  98. ^ Jingkieng jri: Living Root Bridge Cultural Landscapes. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-16). 
  99. ^ Sri Veerabhadra Temple and Monolithic Bull (Nandi), Lepakshi (The Vijayanagara Sculpture and Painting Art Tradition). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-17). 
  100. ^ Sun Temple, Modhera and its adjoining monuments. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-21). 
  101. ^ Rock-cut Sculptures and Reliefs of the Unakoti, Unakoti Range, Unakoti District. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-29). 
  102. ^ Vadnagar – A multi-layered Historic town, Gujarat. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-21). 
  103. ^ Serial nomination of Coastal Fortifications along the Konkan Coast, Maharashtra. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-25). 
  104. ^ Gwalior Fort, Madhya Pradesh. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-09-02). 
  105. ^ Khooni Bhandara, Burhanpur. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-27). 
  106. ^ Rock Art Sites of the Chambal Valley. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-27). 
  107. ^ The Bhojeshwar Mahadev Temple, Bhojpur. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-27). 
  108. ^ The Gond monuments of Ramnagar, Mandla. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-09-14). 
  109. ^ The historic ensemble of Dhamnar. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-27). 
  110. ^ Kanger Valley National Park. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  111. ^ Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  112. ^ Serial nomination for Ashokan Edict sites along the Mauryan Routes. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. 
  113. ^ Serial nomination of Chausath Yogini Temples. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  114. ^ Serial nomination of Gupta Temples in North India. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  115. ^ The Palace-Fortresses of the Bundelas. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  116. ^ Salkhan Fossil Park, Sonbhadra. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  117. ^ Naga Hill Ophiolite. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  118. ^ Deccan Traps at Panchgani and Mahabaleshwar. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  119. ^ Geological Heritage of St’ Mary’s Island Cluster. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-13). 
  120. ^ Meghalayan Age Caves. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  121. ^ Natural Heritage of Erra Matti Dibbalu. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 
  122. ^ Natural Heritage of Tirumala Hills. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-11). 
  123. ^ Natural Heritage of Varkala. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2025-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-12-10). 

外部链接

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